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Tibetan Braille is the braille alphabet for writing the Tibetan language. It was invented in 1992 by German socialworker Sabriye Tenberken. It is based on German braille, with some extensions from international usage. As in print, the vowel ''a'' is not written. Despite Tibetan and Dzonkha (Bhutanese) using the same alphabet in print, Tibetan Braille differs significantly from Dzongkha Braille, which is closer to international norms. ==Alphabet== Tibetan Braille follows print orthography. (See Tibetan script.) This is often a poor match for how words are pronounced. Each syllable is rendered in the following order: :''pre-consonant, superscript consonant, head consonant, subscript consonant, vowel, post-consonant(s)''〔From email correspondence with Sabriye Tenberken: Single consonants are written without a "a". Only i e o and u are indicated. The order goes like this: :first the pre consonant, this could be a b, m d ' etc. Then the main consonant. After the main consonant the vowel and then the post consonant. If the main consonant has a super or a sub script, an extra letter that indicates the super script or the subscript is put before and after the main consonant. However it has to be placed before the vowel. :If you have a word with all letters possible, it looks as follows: #Pre consonant #superscript #main consonant #sub script #vowel #post consonant #second post consonant :For example: ''bskrubs''〕 The invariable consonants are:〔(World Braille Usage ), UNESCO, 2013〕 Several consonants, ''wa, ya, ra, la,'' and ''sa,'' are provided with forms corresponding to the superscript and subscript positions in print: The assignments for ''zh'' and ''z'' also match international conventions, as those letters are pronounced like ''sh'' and ''s''. Several of the assignments which do not match international braille have the values of German Braille: ''ch'' for ''c (ch)'', ''j'' for ''y'' , ''z'' for ''tsh'', ''s'' for ''z'', ''sch'' for ''sh'' , ''ß'' for ''s''. Letters which are not basic to the German alphabet (''c, q, x, y'') have been reassigned. Several of the aspirated consonants (''ch, th, ph'') are equivalent to the corresponding unaspirated consonant with an extra dot in the third row. The short vowel "a" is inherent in the head (main) consonant, and is not written explicitly. When a vowel occurs at the beginning of a word, it is carried by a null consonant ཨ : 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tibetan Braille」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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